History of the Baking in the Philippines Essay

I got to admit, if given the chance to choose between rice, pasta or bread, I would definitely go for pasta any day. This is also the reason why I tend to be extra picky with the type of breads that I eat. I love freshly baked pan de sal paired with a spoonful of peanut butter and a cup of hot cocoa. Soft and fluffy ciabatta bread has been my favorite when I’m making myself a sandwich. As for the type of breads that I avoid, these are ones with raisins, dates or the fruity type. I really do not know why but I always end up plucking each tiny fruit out before biting into the bread. One day, I received a box of freshly baked goodies from Bread Story Philippines. It was after visiting their Facebook page that I found out that the brand actually originates fromMalaysia. We had some of their specialty breads for lunch. Among the four breads on the plate, I liked the Flossy Signature which had buttery pork floss on top. The Flossy Hottie, on the other hand, was topped with spicy chicken floss and was pretty good too. We also liked the pizza flavored bread called Hi Amigo (Php. 46) which tasted like a Hawaiian, our favorite pizza flavor. The fourth type of bread was the one that I least enjoyed as it had creamy custard inside and was a tad too sweet for me. Nonetheless, I liked that the breads were very soft making each bite such a delight. Papa also liked the Pandan bread and commented that it was very soft and fragrant. Unfortunately, I wasn’t able to try this anymore as my family happily consumed the entire half loaf for breakfast one day. Bread Story also has cakes available for all occasions. How I wish that Bread Story would soon open more branches nearer to home. For now, I have to travel all the way to the south to be able to try more of their bread offerings. Bread Story is located at the Basement Level of SM Southmall, Las Pinas City.

Different Research strategies you can use in your Dissertation

Different Research strategies you can use in your Dissertation Different Research strategies you can use in your Dissertation One of the key problems you need to address early on when writing your dissertation is that of the best strategy to use to conduct your researchThat is, how will you go about answering the research questions you want to investigate Defining your research strategy means deciding whether you want to do primary research or confine yourself to the existing literature. You can get help deciding whether a primary or secondary study is best for you from one of our helpful guides. Research strategy for secondary studies is fairly straightforward, although you do have to look at your search methods and define key words and so on. However, defining different research strategies you can use in your dissertation to conduct primary studies is slightly more involved. This guide will help you understand the basics by looking at some of the most common research strategies.Case StudiesCase studies are a type of descriptive research looking at individuals, a small group of people or a unit (an organ isation for example). Data is collected by observation, participation and a range of other methods including examining existing records, interviews and tests Case studies may include participants own accounts Conclusions are relevant primarily to the people or unit studied, they are not as appropriate if you want to generalise to a much wider population Case studies tend not to look at cause and effect, rather they focus upon exploring and describing A typical case study looks at the way a number of variables interact in order to fully understand a given situation Case studies are usually used for qualitative research Case studies are useful for ‘how’ and ‘why’ questions, where context is important, and where the researcher has little control over events.SurveysSurvey research is frequently used in social science research. Surveys are also used in commercial settings, primarily market research. Surveys often gather quantitative data, but can also gather qua litative information through open-ended questions Surveys are carried out on a sample of respondents from a selected population through the administration of a questionnaire. The questionnaire can be done online, face-to-face or over the telephone. Surveys are very flexible and can be used to collect different types of data from small or large numbers of people Surveys can also be useful across a wide range of disciplines from business to anthropology The data collected in surveys needs to be analysed to produce useful results. Quantitative data (numbers) is typically analysed using statistical software like SPSS. Qualitative data can be analysed by a number of techniques including coding and thematic analysis.InterviewsAn interview is a discussion with one or more people. The matters raised are recorded (video-taped, audio-recorded or written down) and subsequently analysed Interviews are very flexible. They can be highly structured and formalised, with all the possible options det ermined in advance (a quantitative survey administered face-to-face would be an interview of this type) or unstructured and relaxed. Interviews are usually divided into three groups, depending upon the degree to which they are structured: structured, semi-structured and unstructured interviews. Structured interviews are based on a pre-determined set of questions and allow little-to-no scope for deviation from the structure. Unstructured interviews start with a few broad questions or areas for discussion, and the interviewer uses techniques like prompting and probing to elicit responses from the participants. Interviews can involve one subject, or a group of subjects, but typically no more than 5 or 6 people in a group. The dynamics of a one-to-one interview and a group interview are different and are suitable for different purposes: one-to-one interviews are useful where you want people to open up about personal or private matters, while group interviews allow people to interact and create group dynamics.Other StrategiesAction research, also known as participatory research and collaborative inquiry can be seen as a process of research through doing something. It involves the ability to usefully reflect upon process in order to improve understanding of practices and situations Ethnomethodology as an approach tries to understand the way people interact with each other, and therefore studies social realities, often of the day-to-day lives of ordinary people. Its concern is with how people make sense of their world. Grounded theory research does not have a set of assumptions or research objectives which are tested against reality. Rather it generates theory by first examining a social situation and seeing what explanations could account for the phenomena.BibliographyBadke, W (2012) Research Strategies: Finding your way through the information fog (4th edn), iUniverse, USA Colorado State University (2013) ‘Case Study’ [online] (cited 6th March 2013) available from http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/guide.cfm?guideid=60 Marsden, P V and Wright, J D (2010) Handbook of Survey Research (2nd edn.), Emerald Group Publishing, London. Punch, K (2003) Survey Research: The Basics, SAGE, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Annotated Bibliography the relationship between online games and it players

Annotated Bibliography the relationship between online games and it players Ahn, Jae-hyeon and Park, Bong-won. 2008. â€Å"Imposing Tax and Rebate Policy for Game Addiction Problem.† Paper presented at the annual International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, July 20-24, Athens, Greece. This article introduces the relationship between online games and its players, and attempts to explain the possible social problems online gaming has caused among some players. Ahn and Park address the problem of gaming addiction and its effects on society as a whole. They investigate interested parties of online gaming to create a base model to help explain the increase or decrease of the participants over time with consideration to the positive/negative images of the activity. In addition to their investigative studies, Ahn and Park also propose a possible solution to the game addiction problems. They suggest implementing a tax and rebate policy which they believe will better the social image of online gaming while simultaneously decreasing the number of g ame addicts. This paper is an especially interesting source as it provides contrasting views on the advancement of technology (in regards to online gaming) compared to other sources, and proffers a most curious solution to the gaming addiction dilemma. This article was found through Google with the keywords: â€Å"Korea† and â€Å"game addiction.† Borries, Friedrich von, Matthias Bottger, and Steffen P. Walz. 2007. Space Time Play: Computer Games, Architecture and Urbanism : The Next Level. Berlin: Burkhauser Verlag AG. The authors illustrate how the revolution of the computer and video gaming age are changing the lives of people today. The authors have compiled a great selection of writings regarding the process of altering our perception of reality and virtuality. There are several selections articulating issues related to game players’ ability to discern real and imaginary spaces, such as â€Å"Creating Alternate Realities† and â€Å"Life is Not a Gam e.† These writings will help to support my thesis that online gaming and technology diffusion has indeed impacted society’s male youths. Another crucial aspect this book covers is found in the â€Å"Competing Metagame Space,† where the chapter specifically communicates the seriousness of online gaming, namely Starcraft, in Korea. This book was found through the Gleeson Library online catalog when I searched the keywords: â€Å"Korea† and â€Å"online gaming.† Ess, Charles and Fay Sudweeks. 2001. Culture, Technology, Communication. Albany: State University of New York. Focusing on theoretical approaches and case studies, the authors of this book offer insightful perspectives on the ideas of culture, communication, and technology as it discusses cultural values and technological communication of today’s modern society. The authors have gathered sources from diverse cultural domains to investigate the relation between cultural values and communi cative preferences with respect to genders. This book is another compilation of analytical essays that examine how technology diffusion has affected local cultures. In the chapter, â€Å"Culture, Computer Literacy, and Media,† the study focuses on the statistics of Korean computer users and how the media influences people to utilize it to its utmost extent. This chapter entertains a possible idea why people in Korea are heavily absorbed in computer usage. This book was found through the Gleeson Library online catalog when I searched the keywords: â€Å"Korea,† â€Å"technology,† and â€Å"culture.†

Establiment of Hong Kong as a British Colony Essay

Establiment of Hong Kong as a British Colony - Essay Example According to the author, Hong Kong, as a British colony, consisted of people who were dissatisfied and who did not have an adequate say in the matters of its homeland, though Britain claimed to provide it autonomy. The Chinese people in Hong Kong were dissatisfied just as people from other colonies were regardless of the fact that their colonizers had brought Hong Kong to where it was- a globally known place in which people foresee future prospects. However, there were reasons to people’s dissatisfaction. What the author brings to focus in this periodical is the fact that China, driven by its chase to bring the country together (including its lost parts), not just brought people from Hong Kong to lose their confidence in China but also to question their future standing. The author has been able to bring many points to prove this, his non-biased nature brings the incidents in Hong Kong as they were and provides the reader with a better understanding of what Hong Kong and its pe ople went through. The second periodical, The Legacy of The British Administration of Hong Kong: A View From Hong Kong, also by Ming K. Chan is a deviation from his first periodical. Here the author is writing in a post-1997 period discussing the impact of British Colonialism on Hong Kong. The author talks about the highly ‘trumpeted’ British contributions to Hong Kong- the rule of law, the civil service, economic freedom, and democratization. The author openly questions the true merits of the rulers and in fact considers that the mentioned contributions are either too highly merited or beset with flaws. The author appears more biased in his opinions in this periodical where he almost rejects the idea of colonizers having done any good to Hong Kong and that whatever good was done it was done out of need. The two articles, though written by same author, are written in different periods and

Holy Wear Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Holy Wear - Essay Example ated places that the believers in the faith consider as sacred, such as Gaya in Buddhism, Kasi in Hindu religion, Mecca and Medina in Islam and Jerusalem in Christianity. Conventional philosophy believes that sacred or holy things exude â€Å"potent meanings and significances† to believers and the presence of such things offers some â€Å"inherent benefits† (23). On the other hand, the postmodern view on the sacred deviate drastically from the traditional view, which contends that the meanings to the holy are not inherent but attributed by the believers as an outcome of their â€Å"cultural practice† (23). It, therefore, transpires that illogical or irrational notions such as sacred derive from communal and social practices of certain dominant cultures like Greek civilization as well as the customs being followed within various religions. My photographic project called â€Å"Holy Wear† incorporates the philosophy of Roland Barthes, which identifies culture as the â€Å"contract arrived at† between the creators of art and its consumers (Barthes 1981:27). In this context, the photograph of the monk illustrates the Lama culture and imbibes in the viewers a sense of holyness in his attire, which represents sacredness for the believers in Buddhist religion. Thus, irrespective of logic or rationality, the audience of the photo associate holynesss to the clothes worn by the monk because the cultural practices have informed them that the attire of the monk is a â€Å"Holy Wear.† Similarly, the attire and appearance of the Hindu saint will inspire awe and a sense of holiness in people practicing Hindu religion or those who understand various cultural nuances relating to that religion. Therefore, it can be construed that the emotions and sensations that these photographs emulate derive not from any logic o r rational appreciation of the meaning of sacred or holy but due to the association of the images to various cultural practices. The photographs also validate Barthes’

MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MANAGEMENT - Essay Example In most cases, companies will experience organizational change after undergoing a shift in executive powers. When organizational change happens, it does not result in self-adjustment, but requires appropriate management in order to be under control. The business world today is competitive and therefore, companies need to keep adjusting in order to compete favourably in the market. In the fast-moving business environment, companies should embrace organizational change in order to satisfy the standards in the market. Organizations might undergo organizational changes due to a number of reasons. First, if new technology is introduced in a company, there will probably be some changes. Although this might be disruptive to employees, new technology tends to increase the productivity of companies (Burke, 2010). Additionally, companies choose to initiate organizational change as a way of satisfying their customers’ needs. Customer needs today keep changing, even as technology changes. Therefore, a company might be forced to develop new types of products and services, in order to meet its customers’ changing taste. On the other hand, the aspect of economy might lead to both positive and negative organizational change in a company. ... All this is for the purpose of ensuring that the company makes good use of the growth opportunities in the market. Training for employees might be conducted using different ways, to ensure that their newly acquired skills enhance growth of the company (Burke, 2010). There are different types of organizational changes a company might be involved in. These vary depending on the objectives of the company, and the outcomes they anticipate from the organizational change. Different scholars of economics have developed a variety of frameworks, through which an organizational change in a company can be viewed. Grundy (1993) developed a framework of categorization of organizational change. In this framework, there is the smooth incremental organizational change, there is the bumpy incremental, and the discontinuous organizational change (Grundy, 1993). In the smooth incremental change, Grundy considered this to be any type of organizational change, whereby the changes occur in an evolutionary manner, slowly, and systematically. Such changes in an organization are therefore easy to predict. On the other hand, the bumpy incremental changes are characterized by periods of quiet change, which are interrupted abruptly by an increase in the rate of change because of various factors in the organization. An example of this is reorganizations. Finally, the discontinuous organizational change is one that is faced with much turbulence. When this happens, normally, the course of change will take a divergent breakthrough at various points. Therefore, as opposed to the smooth incremental change, the discontinuous change is highly unstable; therefore, it is hard to predict

Ethical Breakdown and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical Breakdown and Leadership - Essay Example Although the vice has changed dramatically in the past decade, consider the past infamous Ford Pinto case which was produced during the 1970s. The car brand became disreputable for its tendency to leak fuel and explode into flames. Many deaths and injuries were recorded due to the manufacturing faults before they were recalled to correct the hitch. Investigations revealed that due to competition from Volkswagen, and other manufacturers the production of the cars was rushed, although the engineers noticed the mishaps during the reproduction crash tests, they went on with the production (Bazerman & Tenbrunsel, 2011). The main reason for the leaders of Ford to go on with the production is mere greed rather than a marketing decision which was highly unethical. US Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel recently commented on the unethical behavior of the military, after it emerged that 30 officers of the US navy cheated on an exam for nuclear reactor instructors. The test in question is expected to gauge knack by launch officers in handling â€Å"emergency war orders†. The Pentagon describes the scandal as an ethical issue, although others may view it differently. Others may see the problem as more of a cultural problem (Ortiz, 2014). Personally, the breakdown mainly occurs due to the high standards that have been put by the system for the officers to achieve. The pressure to get good grades and a zero tolerance for wrong answers can be one of the reasons that the officers decided to cheat during exams. The failure by the authorities to notice the breakdown also raises some questions about their leadership abilities (Ortiz, 2014). This is due to the fact that it took one sailor who saw this as unethical to report the matter to the seniors.

Psychology (personality and social psychology Essay

Psychology (personality and social psychology - Essay Example The three personality factors that were originally developed in the study of personality were (a)Neuroticism (b) Extraversion and (c) Openness to experience(Bell et al, 1972).. This was the original version of the Personality measurement Inventory that was referred to as the NEO (Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness Inventory) Scale and was used as a part of studies conducted on ageing. Costa and McCrae (1985) examined competing personality theories and developed two additional traits. These two factors were Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Based upon this, they published their revised personality list which included all the five factors, ranking as equally important constituent elements of personality (Costa and McCrae, 1985). Moreover, each of these broad personality factors also comprised a set of separate dimensions within each. For example, the Neuroticism factor included such personality traits such as anxiety, depression, hostility, self consciousness, impulsiveness and vulnerability to stress. This was a reflection of the inner mental state of the individual. The extraversion factor is a personality measure of the degree of sociability in an individual’s personality. It comprises the qualities of warmth, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity, excitement seeking and positive emotion. The Openness personality factor comprises a range of internal attributes such as fantasy, feelings, ideas, actions, values and aesthetics. The Agreeableness factor developed by Costa and McCrae includes trust, straightforwardness, altruism, modesty, compliance and tender-mindedness. The last personality factor – Conscientiousness, includes the sub factors of Competence, order, dutifulness, self discipline, striving and achievement striving. Through an analysis of all of these major factors and the sub factors that comprise them, it is therefore possible to arrive at a detailed view of the

John Locke and property righs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

John Locke and property righs - Essay Example This position allowed Rawls to address two contemporary issues that are equally important but also tend oppose each other’s views: freedom and equality. The Rawlsian theory of justice is influenced by Hume’s philosophy with its critique of justice, that which prioritizes conventions and universal meaning (Forbes, 1985, 68). Hume talked about artificial justice and Rawls coined the so-called artificial device or the â€Å"original position†, which is used to determine justice. It also takes inspiration from Kantian principles, which emphasize moral nobility and the complexity and richness of human life and experience. The beauty of Rawls’ philosophy is its simplicity. The challenge of including the interests of the whole or the large number as well as those of the individual’s was addressed assuming a degree of ignorance in order to attain a desired fairness. It first rejects everything in order to get to the bottom of fairness, and justice is then d etermined. What this means is that similar crimes would have different resolutions because the conditions and parties in each crime are different. Also, there are crimes that in traditional justice could easily be punished because it fits a conventional mold. Let us suppose that a man is accused of racism because he calls someone a Negro, along with several derogatory remarks. Rawlsian philosophy does not jump into conclusion and, instead, tries to understand the situation according to several approaches and involves the reflection on several case-specific variables. The â€Å"original position† is the first of these and the second is what Rawls referred to as â€Å"reflective equilibrium†. In explaining the concept, Rawls (1999) stated that â€Å"justification is a matter of the mutual support of many considerations, of everything fitting together into one coherent view† (19). This approach to justice is radically different from the current system used in most societies. However, it depicts a framework that indicate a highly effective process because it determines and metes out justice within the context of the circumstances of the parties involved. This aspect covers the many different conceptions and interpretations of justice. For instance, retributive justice emphasizes the proportionality of the punishment to the crime committed so that it is not greater or lesser than the harm perpetuated. There is also the case of restorative justice, which follows a more benign framework, focusing on â€Å"healing† as the more preferable outcome for all stakeholders involved including the victim and the offender. Rawlsian philosophy breaks through the differences of these other theories by identifying the fundamental variable in determining justice and work its way from there. By focusing on fairness and the contexts behind actions, Rawls was able to develop a more inclusive model. While Rawlsian philosophy has earned accolades and recognit ion, it also has its share of criticisms. One of the most important is his focus on the individual. For example, if a system of justice will follow the â€Å"reflective equlibrium model† there are those who point out that it would involve several judgments and doctrines based on different backgrounds of those involved, resulting to an almost infinite number of equlibria (Maffettone, 2010, 139). The critics come from all philosophical inclinations. There are those coming from

Enzymes Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Enzymes - Lab Report Example As stated by Onteh et al (2005), most biochemical reactions would be very slow without enzymes since enzymes increase the rate of biochemical reactions by thousands times. It is therefore important to study the environmental factors: pH and temperature and how they would affect specific enzymes. There are three characteristics of enzymes that make them function as catalysts. First enzymes increase the rate of biochemical reaction, second, they are specific to a substrate and thirdly they can be regulated to increase or reduce rate of biochemical reaction. Studies have confirmed that enzymatic activities are affected by certain factors such as enzyme concentration, pH, and temperature as well as substrate concentration. According to (), all these factors except substrate concentration have the effect of modifying the specificity nature of the enzyme there by making it incompatible with the substrate. Moreover enzymes act as catalysts because they exhibit three dimensional protein structures. As stated by Onteh et al (2005), this structure is particularly sensitive to changes in salts, pH and temperature thus a slight changes in temperatures of reaction can significantly change the rte of reaction while extreme temperatures can irreversibly alter the both the three dimensiona l structure of the enzyme thus making it impossible to catalyze a reaction. The enzymatic activity is based on the fact that enzymes are made up of certain active sites that are specific to the substrate’s active sites. As stated by Onteh et al (2005), it is on this active sites that enzymes bind to a given substrate in a geometrical fashion after which substrate undergo its inherent reaction at a much faster rate. This mode of enzymatic action is referred to as lock and key. It is important to note that enzyme does not actually react with a substrate, but brings and aligns the substrate in order for it to react with other substances. Enzymes therefore have

Mix Racial and Cultural Groups Are Growing in the United States Essay Example for Free

Mix Racial and Cultural Groups Are Growing in the United States Essay Mixed Racial and Cultural Groups is increased by a marginal number in the United States. The growth of these multiracial groups started to surface through migration of different ethnics and raised most of their families in the United States even through marriage. These are some of the issues that have been raised by individual people of having an entity separation of mixed race and cultural or to considered them as Americans without a hyphen. Thinking about this issue myself, and thinking of my two children who married to a different ethnic rather than Samoans. These questions come to mind about this issue: How, Why, and what the three words that needs a big explanation about this matter. According to multiracial Americans, Americans whose identity as two or more races identifies with just one group culturally and socially. From statistics that I got from online, stated that about 2. 9% of the population in the year 2010 are self-identified as multiracial. The identity or the classification of the people’s identification is generally according to the culture they were raised in. Social segregation in many areas of the country is forming interracial unions or cultural group. The diversity of social conditions through migrations brought new groups of people to the United States. Through these migrations, mixed races started to rise when interracial marriage were born and started to increase in the United States. The movement of multiracial identity by more than one ethnicity has taken place and strong. Statistics from the year 2010 census in the United States shows that the largest multiracial groups were white and black which is 1. 8 million. The other 1. 7 millions are white and some other race, white and Asian is 1. 6, white and American Indian and Alaskan Native is 1. 4 million. I have learned that the largest growing group in multiracial is white and black which is about 134%. That is more than 1 million people. MIX RACIAL AND CULTURAL GROUP According to Susan Saulny of the New York Times, title Race Remixed, said that â€Å"sea of change is how we think about race, ethnicity and its place in society†. I believe that a challenge to trend towards multiracial from a sociological perspective is a leap that we should take. The understanding of racial and ethnic categories of their boundaries can be a problem to other multiracial groups. I think that ancestry is the biggest influence in identities through a number of generations through migrations. I also believe that each multi mix or racial group should be treated the same regardless of their identity. If they are legally citizens of the United States, they have the right to be treated equally. I believe that they have contributed to the wellbeing and welfare of the United States through their services in employment within the government, military or private companies. Regardless of the race and ethnicity, they should be treated and considered Americans. President Obama is good example of what I mean about treating them the same no matter what color of their skin or where they are from. I know that some of these mix race entities are trying to separate themselves with-in the United States but when they travel to other countries of the world, they considered be call Americans. As a citizen of New Zealand, I am proud to call myself to be an American and I respect the land that my children were born. What can the United States or these multiracial groups gain from wanting to be separated from their identity. Through my search online, I came across Mrs. Karissa Sulliva’s draft and she said that ancestry influences identities. She said that socialization is the crucible of racial and ethnic identity formation. Farley in 2002, construct racial and ethnic classifications which was adopted by the government for each race or reconsidered themselves to either refuse to identify their own race and ethnic category. MIX RACIAL AND CULTURAL GROUP. I believe that mix racial and cultural groups are increasing daily by the number throughout the United States. However, research shows that children with an original multiracial identity grow up to be happier than those of single-race identity. Some of the statistics shows that another addition to the growth of mix race is through adoption of children from countries outside of the United States. According to Fact’s for Families 2010, parents are coping with these pressures in having open communications with the families about their culture and race. Encouragement and support in every multicultural group for families to be familiar with their language, traditions and customs within their families. They have to support and try to establish a good relationship by creating a network for their children, parents, family member, relatives and the community. In conclusion, the separation and classifications between mix racial and multicultural groups is not an easy task or thing to do. Two of my children are married to different ethnic. My oldest daughter is married to an African American and my son is married to a girl who is beautiful and white but has about four or five mix blood in her. I believe in democracy and the United States is nowhere in having a separation of any mix race and cultural group who are living in the United States. God Bless America, God bless the people of the United States. References: Perez, Anthony Daniel, Hirschman, Charles. The Changing Racial and Ethnic. http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882688/ The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (March-2011). Facts for Families, no. 71 Multiracial Children. http://www. aacap. org/galleries/FactsForFamilies/71_multiracial_children. pdf Dr. Nicole Martinez and Mrs. Karissa Sullivan. May 6, 2013 .docx.

Basic approaches to the study of cultural diversity Essay Example for Free

Basic approaches to the study of cultural diversity Essay With rapid scientific and technological progress, advanced means of communication and transport, more and more people travel abroad, and the range of purposes they tend to achieve, enlarged as well. Many people now travel to share organizational and business experience, study abroad to come back home, many people travel just to see and study cultural background of other countries, some of them come to other countries with peace missions. Unfortunately, political and economical conditions in many countries of the world make many people move abroad as immigrants or refugees. But, regardless of the travel purposes, the notions of cultural contact and cultural shock are relevant for all categories of travelers. (Hoerder) Before examining this phenomenon it’s necessary to give a strict definition of it. At first, it’s necessary to mention that there are some titles to define this phenomenon: â€Å"cross cultural relations†, â€Å"between society culture-contact†, â€Å"cross-cultural interaction† etc. Here is the definition of this phenomenon provided by Bochner: â€Å"between society culture-contact refers to individuals who travel beyond their countries of origin for a particular purpose and for a specified period of time, and the relationships they establish with members of the host society†. (1986, p. 23) There are also some necessary terms used to describe these relations, for instance â€Å"sojourner†. This term is used to refer to â€Å"culture travellers, indicating that they are temporary visitors intending to return home after achieving their aims†. (1986, p. 33) On the contrary, people of the visited society are called â€Å"host-society members†. It’s evident that changing society background in any case demands some contact on personal level, when the representatives of various societies interact. From the part of sojourner it demands much effort to integrate into unusual social and cultural patterns. This may cause stress, especially in the case of immediate and unexpected transition, and this condition is defined by the specialists as â€Å"culture shock†. (Bochner) Cultural identity conflicts are usually called intractable, and thus they are not possible to be resolved through the traditional approaches. The frames of the individual identity are extremely influenced by the cultural identity and cultural surrounding. The differences in culture often become the ground for the cultural conflict, as the difference in cultural ideas and preferences may be taken by the other side as not simply an outrageous idea, but ridiculous and unreal understanding of the world. For the better cultural communication it may be suggested, that the attitudes towards other cultures should be more tolerate. The cultural ideas and beliefs expressed by the representatives of the other culture should not be taken as unreal or unacceptable. Differences in culture between people will always exist, and thus for the more effective communication it is important to understand and accept the significance of the traditions, which are valued by the other culture, as well as try to better explain the traditions into which the newcomer would wish to assimilate. However, and what is more important, it is not allowed to break the cultural identity of the person; the difference in cultural views does not mean they are wrong. The issue of cultural identity was always urgent, and with the growing opportunities for migration, this issue will not soon lose the necessity of being discussed. However, it is important to understand one thing in relation to cultural conflicts: the differences between cultures should not and won’t be erased; they should be treated with tolerance. There are some concepts and approaches used to investigate the nature of this phenomenon. They are as follows: regional comparison, holocultural analysis, controlled comparison, and coding. Regional comparison was worked out by Driver and Kroeber. This approach lies in determination of cultural classification and then making assumptions about the processes of interconnection in the limits of one region of culture. Holocultural analysis is also called worldwide cross-cultural analysis. He was worked out by Tylor, Sumner, Keller and Murdock. Levinson describes it as a study â€Å"designed to test or develop a proposition through the statistical analysis of data on a sample of ten or more

International Business Cultural Diversity Management Essay

International Business Cultural Diversity Management Essay You are required to assist the work of TATA Ltd. One of the worlds most dynamic and trusted business conglomerates,  Tata  has more than a century of experience in the UK and a growing presence in several business sectors. The company wants to improve its efficiency throughout its divisions and believes that using cultural diversity factors may be the key. 3). Cultural Differences are held responsible for many failures in mergers and acquisitions (MA). Critically discuss which business aspects are likely to be affected. Managing and working with multicultural teams requires an understanding of cultural diversity to create an effective team. Critically discuss the issues This essay will discuss about Tata, their MA, the impacts of cultural differences and the different aspects they have to consider to build an international team. Usually used under the name of MA (Mergers Acquisitions), this term refers to a consolidation of companies. Merger is a strategic alliance whose the aim is to create a new entity. An acquisition is the fact to acquire a new company by purchasing it. Tata wants to improve its efficiency throughout its divisions and believes that using cultural diversity factors may be the key. Tata is an Indian group founded in 1868 by the Indian entrepreneur Jamsetji Tata and currently run by the Irish businessman Cyrus Pallonji Mistry. Nowadays, Tata is a powerful international group operating in more than 80 countries by a diversification strategy (thanks to the MA). The groups activity is divided into numerous sectors, for instance: technology, cars, services, electricity, consumer products, beverages, steel, materials and chemicals. Indeed, this international group has acquired since about ten years numerous companies which have cost altogether several milliards of dollars. These are the main takeovers: Tetley Group (UK) in 2000: tea Regent Hotel (Indian) in 2002: hotels Hughes Telecom (Indian) in 2002: telecom Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company (Korean) in 2004: cars NatSteel Asia (Singaporean) in 2005: steel Brunner Mond (UK) in 2005: chemicals Eight O Clock Coffee Company (USA) in 2006: coffee Jaguar and Land Rover (UK) in 2008: cars Source: Tata Group 2012 Tata wants to improve its performance thanks to MA but to reach that goal; it has to consider that cultural differences affect numerous business aspects in this kind of strategic alliance. For Adler and Gundersen (2008), cultural differences may have positives and negatives effects on a multicultural teams performance. Indeed, the cross-cultural differences are linked to performance. The cultural differences are one of the most important features to take into account to succeed in a M&A; maybe the most important. The culture is complex; it is a shared system of attitudes, beliefs and behaviour. Nowadays, the business is globalized and international; we can almost talk about a business culture run by the globalization (Hopper, 2007). Indeed, the world is not becoming smaller but people and their culture are moving closer. Tata has to understand that ignore the cultural differences would be a terrible mistake: the MA would not work or would not be as effective as expected. Tata should not make the same mistakes than the Merger between Chrysler (American) and Daimler-Benz (German) in 1998. It is a well-known example of how cultural differences can be held responsible for a failure in a MA. According to Vlasic and Stertz (2001), the main cause of this failure was the cultural differences. Indeed, Chrysler and Daimler had the same objectives but the cross-cultural gap between both was too deep and not enough considered to succeed (Schneider, 1997). Strategically, the merger was a good deal for both. However little by little, the cultural differences have led the merger to failure. This strategic alliance finished by an important economical (more than half a billion dollars) and social cost (redundancy). This example is the perfect proof than cultural differences badly assimilated can bring a MA to poor productivity and sometimes failure. Many mergers and acquisitions fail. Indeed, the average rate of failure is between 40-80%. According to Trompenaars and Asser (2010), it varies between 20% and 33%. Stahl and Voigt (2008) say that this rate of failure is relatively high and the impact of cultural differences remain most of the time, badly assimilated. Shareholders have tendency to underestimate the cultural factors in mergers and acquisitions. For Ferraro (2002), one of the biggest mistakes is to think that if a person is successful in his job, he will necessarily succeed in an environment culturally different. According to Harris and Moran (2000), culture acts on communication, strategies, relations, organizations and structures. Indeed, the cultural differences affect numerous business aspects such as organisation, financial performance, negotiation, communication, ways of getting work done, the human relationships, the time, the environment and the management. Insufficient awareness of cultural differences may provoke damages. (Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner 1997, p. 10). In fact, cultural differences badly mastered can lead to: misunderstandings, incorrect exchange of information, ruined negotiations, loss of sales, poor labour relations, a loss of talented employees, limited co-operation, hostility and rivalry. (To change: Sian Taylors lesson). Joynt and Morton (1999) state that the cultural differences have a strong impact on the organisation. In fact, a MA may provoke numerous changes in the organisation structure. When there are hierarchical and organisational changes, the shareholders may have some difficulties to agree with the opinion or the status of the new colleagues. It may cause tensions and frictions between them. The human resources services and the management team field have an essential role to play in this kind of strategic alliances. (Source bad example to extend and to change) Culture has also a strong impact on the productivity. The cultural aspects may affect numerous other business aspects which influence indirectly on the performance of the MA in particular making benefits (Stahl and Voigt, 2005). For them, To increase effectiveness across cultures, training must be the focus of the job, while education thought of with reference to the individual, and development reserved for organizational concerns.(To change?) Culture differences badly assimilated product poor results and performance. However, the relationships between the MA performance and the cultural differences are not as easy as it could seem. (To Change and extend) King et al (2004) state that despite decades of research, what impacts the financial performance of firms engaging in MA activity remains largely unexplained. (To change?) The negotiation is also an aspect affected by the cultural differences. For instance, bad master of the culture or the local customs can lead to misunderstandings and confusions (Schein, 1993). It involves the meetings, the contacts and all the components of the negotiation between two interlocutors culturally different. Each culture has its own way to negotiate even though certain are similar. For instance, the Indians employees of Tata are used to negotiate because it is something daily and at every moment of the day in India. They rarely say no by politeness and sometimes their answer may seem unclear, that is why, a foreign negotiator should be able to decode the non-verbal language to know what they really think (such as cross legs or arms). (relation with Tata? + bad example) Another aspect that can be a problem is communication. Javidan and House (2002) state that during a MA, cultural differences may have negatives impacts on communication. For instance, Tata took this aspect into account for the acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover. The Indian group had to retain a good communication with the employees of Jaguar and Land Rover. According to Schein (1993), in a business, the dialogue is primordial. In fact, it enables to transmit the information in order to be accurate and effective. It affects numerous fields such as: the management of people, negotiation, meetings, contracts, socialising, presentations, and advertising. During a MA, the communication is a determining factor: of success or failure (Trompenaars and Asser 2010, p.10). According to Stahl and Voigt (2008), in MA, the culture strongly impact the ways of getting the work done such as the levels of formality, tolerance of risk and methods of decision making (Communicaid 2008). In fact, each culture has his own way to do the job. Tata has to consider this fact, in particular for MA with other cultures like European (Tetley group (UK)) or American (Eight O Clock Coffee Company). Cultural differences may be barriers to the performance when they negatively impact the relationships between people and especially between the employees (to extend) of a MA. In particular, the way of dealing with conflict (To change). Often, people have a fixed idea of a particular type of person or thing, it is called a stereotype. Culture is like an iceberg. At the top, the elements we can see physically such as the behaviour, the clothing and the food. Whereas underneath, there is all the things we cannot see at the first sight such as meanings, beliefs, attitudes and values. Many human beings are influenced by their cultural roots which are very often transmitted by the family. (Too change, Sian Taylors lesson). Cross-cultural difference can have negative impacts on the human relationships (Javidan and House, 2002). According to Kleppestà ¸ (1998), we may see sometimes, the creation of in-group and out-group. (too extend). A bad entente between employees has for main consequenc e the fall of productivity. Indeed, the difference of culture does not simplify the relationships, especially when shareholders have to make important and essential choice. The cultural differences divide more than they gather, which might be problematic when shareholders have to take a single and common strategic decision. In fact, the human behaviour is an essential feature to take into account. Tata has also to take into account the time. Indeed, it is influenced by the cultural origins and determinant in the success of a MA. It can have important influences on the planning and on the way of how people manage their time. For Harris and Moran (2000), the definitions of time vary according to the culture, some are exact and others are relative. According to Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner (1997), primitive societies just consider the matter of the before and the after whereas the educated societies judge the matter of time differently. For them, the time is an infinite succession of event. (To change) For instance, Tata purchased Jaguar and Land Rover which are British companies. Both cultures have a different on the notion of time. Tata is an Indian group and culturally their relation with the time is more relax and less in a rush than the European philosophy. For example, the Indian group would not hesitate to spend a long time to meet their employees whereas the British wou ld do it as quick as possible. All the more than Tata has always considered importantly the social aspect with its employees. Moreover, one of main cultural difference is the attitude of people with the environment. Some cultures have more importance for their own human-being life rather than other cultures attach more importance to the world in general than to the individuals.(To change) (Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, 1997). Harris and Moran (2000) say that persons culturally different live and organize their environments in their own specific way. However, Tata has to know that a team composed of different cultures may have numerous potential benefits. Indeed, culture is also an opportunity and a source for the Indian group of competitive advantage. (Sian Taylor, Too change) Cultural differences may also have positives impacts on multicultural teams only if they respect certain conditions. In fact, diversity can lead to higher performance only when members of the group understand each other, and can combine and build on each other thoughts and ideas (Chell, 2001). (To change, Sian Taylors course). Cultural differences in the same organisation can also a great opportunity. (too extend)(source) Define culture is necessary to well understand what are the cultural diversities and which impacts they have on performance. For Hofstede (1980), culture is the interactive aggregate of common characteristics that influence a groups response to its environment. Cultural differences change the way people solve problems. In fact, Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner (1997) say that we can differentiate every culture individually by the way they solve problems. The cultures distinguish from each other by the specific solutions they use when there is an issue. For instance, two groups of students have an essay to hand in for a due date. The first group is French and the other one is American. Both groups are late but they react differently because they are culturally different: the American group will reach the deadline and scarify the quality whereas the French group will go over the deadline and try to improvise. According to Chell (2001), the synergy in a multicultural team can improve significantly the performance and increase benefits. A multicultural team in which members live well together will be more productive and effective. Indeed, the cultural differences can create potential competitive advantages such as a better productivity, innovation, learning or ambience. It may also increase the productivity. Indeed, in a same situation, employees culturally different can have different way of thinking and therefore bring several solutions and improve the performance (Adler and Gundersen, 2008, p.134). In fact, multicultural team means wider range of opinions, ideas and consequently encourage the innovation. According to Adler and Gundersen (2008), this creativity enables to find better solutions to problems, take better decisions. Moreover, Chell (2001) think intercultural team is strength for a team. In fact, different nationalities enable to master different languages and consequently a bigger flexibility geographically and linguistically. Moreover, being cultural different may also enable to learn new things such as another way of managements or another ways of getting the work done. A multicultural team were the members understand each other enable to have a better ambience in the firm. The role of the manager has a strong impact on the ambience which is an essential feature to reach the synergy (Adler and Gundersen, 2008). If Tata wants to succeed in a MA with cultural differences, they should consider how to organize and manage an intercultural team. Managing and working with multicultural teams requires an understanding of cultural diversity to create an effective team. A multicultural team needs some features essential to be successful for example: the motivation to communicate, a good relationship between each members and a reciprocal respect. (To change Sian Taylors courses) Additionally, Tata must be aware of the role of the manager: it has changed due to the new cultural diversity in a same team (Harris and Moran, 2000). Nowadays, he must be skilful, master several languages and know the cultural features of his employees and the shareholders. The role of the manager is also to avoid the cultures shock and cultures clashes between the employees. According to Ruben (1983), the multinational manager should have seven skills to gather the employees strengths and bring them to the performance: tolerant, respectful, have good interpersonal skills, not to be prejudiced against people, feel empathy, observant and persevering. For Trompenaars and Asser (2010), the managers have a tendency to focus on the results of deal rather than the way the people reach together these objectives. The human dimension and the cultural differences are unfortunately used to be underestimated in a merger or acquisition. They are in particular ignored by the managers who prefer f ocus on results and performance rather than the way the job is done. Moreover, the notion of feedback (between manager and employees) is essential to fix the differing and underline the good things. Indeed, their first objective of the manager is to reach the synergy: to gather all the shareholders and bring them to an only and same goal with this kind of tools. Furthermore, the cultural differences strongly affect the way of managing people. Indeed, MA often involve the mix of firms and consequently, the mix of employees who are sometimes culturally different. Especially because culture is not something we cannot figure out at the first sight; it is something inside us. Trompenaards and Hampden-Turner states, it is not on surface but deep in every person. (Too change p.3). According to Tylor (1924), culture is not something simple or limited to one dimension in one field, it is the entire contrary. Indeed, he states that the culture is composed by numerous components such as: habits, language, religion, belief and morals. To create an effective team, the team have to understand the culture of each member and learn cross cultural knowledge (Harris and Moran, 2000). The creation of a multicultural effective team takes time because the manager must make aware each members of his own culture (Chell, 2001). One of the essential points is to resp ect the others cultures and the fact to be different because the culture takes an important place in peoples lives. Understand another culture also means be respectful about these differences. In fact, Chell (2001) say that the members have to have in mind that there is no dominant culture and everybody is equal whatever his origin. Indeed, according to them; we have to master early our culture before learning to know all the features of another one. Schein (1993) said We have to learn to listen to ourselves before we can really understand others. It is called the polycentrism: attempt to overcome your own cultural assumptions and to develop openness towards other cultures (To change course Sian Taylor). At the contrary the worst behaviour to adapt is to be ethnocentric: to look the word only through my own culture. (To change) Moreover in multicultural team, some cultures are more likely to fit with one than another. In a globalized world, the cross-cultural relationship has change d the way of managing a team. To conclude, Tata must be conscious that intercultural issues not well mastered may lead to poor productivity and performance. The cultural differences can affect negatively the business aspects and the performance. However, an effective multicultural team can have a positive impact on the performance. Indeed, if the cross-cultural differences are considerate and if the members collaborate, the cultural differences may become a great opportunity for the Indian group. Moreover, the future of a MA depends on the ability of a multicultural team to gather their strengths in the same project even if they are culturally different. That is why the role of the manager is crucial. Indeed, bring a multicultural team to the synergy is the main aim and role of the management team. Tata has to focus on the fact that diversity can lead to higher performance only when members of the group understand each other and work together.

Affirmative Action Essay: Time to Stop Special Privileges

Affirmative Action: Time to Stop Special Privileges      Ã‚  Ã‚   Imaging being a young, black, grad-student, fresh out of law-school, looking for a job. You find and apply for the career of your dreams, only to find later that you didn't get the job. Petitioning the employer for an explanation, you find that you weren't hired due to the color of your skin. Wouldn't this enrage you? Would you cry "discrimination", and take the employer to court? Many people would sympathize with you and grant you the decision in the court case. Discrimination like that has no place in today's society. Now imagine the exact same scenario, only instead of being black, you're white. You find and apply for the career of your dreams, only to find later that you didn't get the job. Petitioning the employer for an explanation, you find you weren't hired due to the color of your skin. Wouldn't this enrage you? Would you cry "discrimination", and take the employer to court? Most people in today's society would have no sympathy for you. Because of being white, i t is assumed that you've had more opportunities and more people have helped you on your way in life. Is this fair? In two scenarios, identical in everything except for skin tone, two complete opposite conclusions have been drawn. What brought this about?    "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (Declaration of Independence . pp. 20)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States was founded on the ideals that equality was a right of all mankind, and all people should be allowed to better their lives. However, the existence of slavery took away these rights from African-Americans. After the Civil War abolished slavery, many white people believed blacks were inferior and the... ...e available to all, or none.       Bibliography    Biskupic, Joan. "Affirmative-action ban gets green light" The Denver Post . Nov. 4, 1997    "Declaration ofIndependance" The World's Great Classics. Basic Documents of American History. New York:Grolier, Inc. pp. 20-25    Gwynne, S.C. "Back to the Future" Time . Jun. 2, 1997. pp. 48 Hutchison, Keely. Positive and Negative Implications for Individuals. [online] University of South Carolina. Available: http://ecuvax.cis.ecu.edu/academics/schdept/psych/Impla1.htm    Pooley, Eric. "Fairness or Folly?" Time . Jun. 23, 1997. pp. 32-36 Tyson, Amanda. History of Affirmative Action. [online] University of South Carolina. Available: http://ecuvax.cis.ecu.edu/academics/schdept/psych/ahist.htm    Whitaker, William A. "Affirmative Reaction" Harper's Magazine . May1997. p. 24-25

Women Essay -- essays papers

Women There are several ways one can look at the status of women in any society. During the last decade at least three approaches, not necessarily mutually exclusive, were discernible. One was to examine the common demographic indicators that give an overall picture of women's relative standing vis-Ã  -vis men. According to the 1981 census, the se ratio stood at 933 females per 1000 males. The literacy rate was 46.89 per cent for males and 24.82 per cent for females. The life expectancy at birth for females was 50 years and for males it was 50.9 years. The average age at marriage for females was 18.32 years and for males it was 23.27 years. The female work participation rate was 13.99 percent and the male work participation rate was 51.62 percent. Figures regarding economic participation rate for women have very little meaning as the definition of a worker has changed from one census to other. (Rehana Ghadially 1988 p.5) As a study by Australian demographer John C. Caldwell powerfull y demonstrates, for both men and women in Ibo traditional society many children have been the surest and stronger source of prestige. In the Ibo society, remaining unmarried is an extreme social divergence. It was considered central to man's nature to beget, and women's to conceive and bear, children. For women, marriage traditionally brought a variety of economic responsibilities and often only one source of both honor and security: their children. According to the Ibo tradition the man had to pay the family of the bride a bride price to secure her marriage. The payment was given in exchange for the economic value of woman to her husband in her labor and her children. Hence, for the husband and wife marriage was as much as anything else an economic compact. (James L. Newman, 1995, p.122) Customs governing division of labor, rights to land and to children varied widely. However, while a woman was married her husband generally held her labor and its fruits firmly within its grasp. In addition, the brides usually went to live with her husband's kin, and she was dependent on this group in which she was a virtual outsider. (Jennifer Seymour Whitaker, 1990, p. 99) Once involved with her new household, an Ibo woman often lived a life quite separate economically from that of her husband, in which the basic unit was herself and her children. She was usually expected to cook... ...king the money to pay tax and to buy useful things as farming tools, wives and sisters were left with more work than before: in gardens, in the fields, in the home. Through all the long social crisis of the Great Depression and the Second World War, women had to bear the heaviest burdens of poverty and oppersion. These burdens, for example, are depicted in Emecheta's Joys of Motherhood. Gross inequalities between men and women have generally prevailed. However, some progress has been made against them, and continues to be made. Girls and young women found new educational opportunities, and adult women have also joined in the drive for education, attending literacy classes and various forms of vocational training, while a wider range of jobs has become available for women in towns. Beyond this, women, too, have begun to join to gether in self defence so as to claim, and sometimes, get a better status in society. Several African countries, by the 1980's, had vigorous organizations for the advancement of women, staffed and run by women, forming their own programs for the benefit of women. None of this had been possible during colonial times. ( Basil Davidson, 1994, p.186-191)

AIDS, Prison, and Preventative Medicine: :: HIV Jail Violence Rape Papers

AIDS, Prison, and Preventative Medicine The word "prison" conjures up thoughts of a dark and deviant subculture, living in a chaotic and destructive environment out of the sight and mind of mainstream America. Hollywood has skewed our views of prisoners, painting them as a seemingly irreparable subclass of humans that are only further downgraded and downtrodden by prison lives filled with violence and rape. Certainly the life of a prisoner is tough, and violence is inevitably present in prison systems where gangs frequently play a prominent role in social organization (Conover 2000). However, misconceptions regarding prisons are numerous, and such misconceptions play an important role in how the AIDS problem in prisons is viewed. For example, one of the most vivid, if not widespread misconceptions surrounding prisons are the stories of forced sexual activity and gang rapes—a view likely to lead an outsider to suspect that little can be done to prevent transmission of HIV among prisoners. In reality, this aspect of prison has been overdramatized and overemphasized, perhaps as a deliberate effort to amplify the purported deterring effect that the threat of a prison sentence has on crime. In fact, Ted Conover reports in his first-hand account of the infamous Sing-Sing, one of New York's most troubled maximum security prisons, that while "prison rape still occurs in New York and elsewhere," by far the most common type of prison sex, "after the autoerotic, is certainly consensual." He goes on to say, "I would even guess that, at least at Sing, sex between officers and inmates is presently more common than forcible sex between inmates" (Conover 2000). Such an example is a prime reason why prison officials, p oliticians and the general public alike need to focus not on the stereotypes of prison behavior, official codes of conduct, and expected or even legal behaviors, but rather what is actually occurring behind prison walls—illegal or legal, for better or for worse. If rape isn't as widespread in prisons as the average moviegoer might be willing to believe—at the very least, it certainly isn't an everyday occurrence—and prisoners are not allowed to have sex or use drugs, then can one expect to see lower incidences of AIDS in prisons? NO! As Conover's statement indicates, much of what goes on in prison isn't "supposed" to take place. Prisoners have sex with each other—most often consensually, but in some instances forcibly—and even with guards; they take drugs, both injecting and non-injecting; they get tattoos; they participate in fights that often involve the shedding of blood.

“Nothing Gold Can Stay” and “Dust of Snow” both by Robert Frost Essay

The poems Nothing Gold Can Stay and Dust of Snow both by Robert Frost show the relationship between Mother Nature and human nature. Although the poems share the same theme, they have similar perspective, form, and diction, the poems have different styles. Both the poems show some degree of truth in human nature through Mother Nature, but when comparing and contrasting them, there are many more connections that are exposed. In Nothing Gold Can Stay Frost shows the loss of innocence between two figures, Eden and gold. The poems first line, Nature’s first green is gold explains that gold represents innocence. Frost then writes, Her early leaf’s a flower/But only so an hour. Frost shows that innocence does not last forever and will soon fade. The poem follows saying that Eden goes into grief symbolizing the loss of innocence. When applying this theme to human nature, the gold represents childhood and when Then leaf subsides to leaf humans slowly lose their innocence as they become adults. To stay gold is to stay true in this poem. However, gold loses lust and brilliance as it becomes into a different object, very much like how people lose innocence and they change their nature into a different person. Although gold represents purity and innocence, it also shows ignorance.   To be human is to have taken from the Tree of Knowledge and gain conscious of knowledge. As people progress through their lives, ignorance along with innocence slowly fades away. Frost also exemplifies how quick reality sets into ones life when he writes, But only so an hour. Frost shows that after losing innocence and ignorance, knowledge and reality takes place instead. However, this poem can also apply to other things seen in human nature. For example, happiness does not stay forever just as people cannot live forever. At one point sooner or later everything fades away, thus Eden, who represents humans, sank to grief and Frost shows how nothing can stay gold. Similarly, the poem Dust of Snow is about nature and how Frost feels related to nature. His connection is seen when he says how the crow shook down on him and the dust of snow from the hemlock tree gave him a change of mood. The poem makes implies that before the crow shook the snow on him that the narrator in the poem is depressed or sad or else the poem would not say Has given my heart/A change of mood. However the persons emotion changes when  the dust of snow falls on him from the hemlock tree. Although the poem is very simple, there is significant meaning toward human experiences. The first line opens the poem with, The way a crow. This crow symbolizes a dark part or some sort of bad event in the narrators life. This evil has caused the narrator to be depressed and sad. Snow on the other hand, represents lightness, in contrast to the crow. A hemlock tree is a poisonous plant, so the snow that came down on the narrator is not a good thing. However, the shaking down of the snow symbolizes a trigger in the narrators life. The poem became more optimistic as Frost writes, Has given my heart/A change of mood. The person in the poem is now seeing the glass half full instead of half empty. Thus the poem concludes, And saved some part/Of a day I had rued. This shows that whatever had made the narrator depressed in the beginning could not have possibly been worse than his situation at hand. Thus Frost shows how people should be appreciative of what they have and on a larger scale appreciative of their life. For whatever happens to someone there can always be something worse and people tend to forget happiness when they have already experienced sadness. Both these poems show the importance of life. In Nothing Gold Can Stay Frost shows how innocence is replaced by knowledge, thus making innocence a thing of the past, something which everyone must go through but cannot go back. In The Dust of Snow the poem shows how people should put the dark pasts behind them and look at the brighter side of life. In both cases Frost effectively shows the value of life to humans. The perspective in â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay† can be interpreted on biological, mythic, and theological levels. In a biological view Frost shows how gold loses its value over time. On mythic and theological levels Frost incorporates Eden and how he valued leaves like gold until they too tarnished away. In this poem Frost shows a point in life when the golden illusions of youth have vanished. The poem also shows that this perspective is seen from people who have experienced loss and gained wisdom. In the same way, Dust of Snow is a mature perspective and requires someone to have gone through life to recognize the meaning behind the poem. In a  literal sense, this is situation is very realistic and could happen anytime in anyones life. However the poem regards to individuals who have had dark life experiences who have become pessimists over their course in life. The poem shows truth in human nature by using the crow, snow, and hemlock tree, all elements of Mother Nature, to symbolize human experiences. All in all, although this poem seems light-hearted at a glance, a thoughtful analysis shows that the poem has much deeper meanings especially in the value of life. The form in Nothing Gold Can Stay is composed of eight lines making the poem an octave. The rhyming pattern is aabbccdd. The poem is tightly constructed, shortly written with the longest line consisting of only 6 words. When read, the poem is easier to think about the poem in sets of every two lines as each set expresses a single idea. When read, the poem sounds somewhat lyrical and ends like how a short story would end. Likewise, Dust of Snow is also an octave. The poem also has a rhyming pattern too, but unlike Nothing Gold Can Stay Frost writes his poem in an abab fashion. Also similar to Nothing Gold Can Stay this poem is short and quite simple with the longest line consisting of only 6 words. The simplicity of this form also ties with the theme in that anything no matter how simple, like being shaken down with a dust of snow, can change a persons view on life. In Nothing Gold Can Stay the diction presented is extremely simple. No word is longer than two syllables. Most are monosyllabic. Each word is easy to grasp, words that a children would use to make this poem. Again, this ties in with the theme of the poem, the loss of innocence. These words are very innocent and uncomplicated with lots of imagery such as flower, leaf, and gold. The only word that is more sophisticated is the word grief but this can be interpreted as the loss of innocence. Also, in Dust of Snow, Frost uses words of great simplicity with vivid illustrating qualities. Again, no word is longer than two syllables and most of the words are monosyllabic anyway. The words are easy to understand and that too connects with the theme. The simplicity of the words that Frost use  shows how pure human nature is and that it can be seen with such straightforwardness. The style seen in Nothing Gold Can Stay is both simple and richly vibrant. In the first four lines, Frost’s imagery quite literally describes how new leaves emerge as yellow or golden blossom before they develop into green leaves. â€Å"Her early leaf’s a flower,† the speaker observes. This period of blossom, however, is very brief. â€Å"But only so an hour,† the speaker then immediately qualifies. This illustrious style that Frost uses makes understanding his message easy for readers to interpret. Although the style of Dust of Snow is illustrious it is different from Nothing Gold Can Stay in that it is written in a darker tone. The style of the poem is much more mysterious and causes readers to be curious of the narrators past. Also, the style written in this poem is in first tone and not third tone like Nothing Gold Can Stay. Although they both seem to be speaking like reading a story, the style in Dust of Snow is told from someones experience while in Nothing Gold Can Stay the story is more like a fantasy. The style that Frost writes with in this poem is much colder than in Nothing Gold Can Stay. In the latter poem; Frost gives his writing a sense of warmth and happiness, like a child. Thus, Dust of Snow is seemingly more abstract in the metaphoric sense than Nothing Gold Can Stay. Nothing Gold Can Stay and Dust of Snow are two poems both about human nature through Mother Nature. By analyzing through theme, perspective, form, diction, and style Frost shows his comprehension of loss of innocence and appreciation of life. All in all, Frost shows that everyone goes through innocence and loses it when they begin to understand and the appreciation of life. Sources: http://quotations.about.com/cs/poemlyrics/a/Nothing_GoldCan.htmhttp://quotations.about.com/cs/poemlyrics/a/Nothing_GoldCan.htmhttp://www.eliteskills.com/c/13213

Improving Youth Roles in Poverty Reduction

IMPROVING offspringfulness ROLES IN POVERTY ERADICATION penury is one of the biggest problems that is faced by or so e very(prenominal) nation world wide, including Indonesia. It is a clinched problem that is influenced by discordant factor such as income rate, main course to education, public health services, environmental issues, and other basic unavoidablenesss. Eradicating meagerness has always been discussed in both regional and international run across and conferences, tho there is no qualified approach back be institute to fight against it.Indonesia, as a development land in Asia, has more than xxx million commonwealth living chthonian poverty line. Government has been trying to turn on m either program that seemingly throne reduce the number of poverty. It is essential to be perceived that poverty is not totally individual problem, this is also considered as morphological problem which means that it needs an integrated method and approach to handle it. Regarding this, government is not the only party that has responsibility to work on poverty eradication, its a must that the bon ton be touch on in.Talking ab reveal society company in reducing poverty numbers, young is the most potential element that has a consumption as the agent of changes that carries out affable missions to better a countrys life. Young state need to play a see role in shaping the emerging of their nations and communities and yet they are often excluded from the decision reservation processes. They should be at the forefront of ball-shaped change and innovation. Empowered, they can be key agents for development and peace. Youth has fresh, creative ideas and perspectives which can be very succorful in bob uping solutions to development problems.However, this is not termination to run smoothly if preadolescent people has no concern about the future life of their country nor have any sense of belonging to the country which pass on be the obstacles to the government to succeed this approach. Attracting unseasoned people to actively and productively assiduous in government program of authorisation is the prior task. This has to be started from a very early level of education, young people has to have a great empathy toward favorable issues. This feeling of empathy will bring them enveloping(prenominal) to concrete actions and efforts to fight against poverty.Youth can ingest a part in antithetic ways, those are 1) giving help in fundraising or charity event, this can help umteen lives to get better retrieve to basic needs and provide them a better living standard, 2) conducting amicable projects cerebrate to poverty reduction, youth as social control can attempt many social projects in distinctive areas in order to help government kit and caboodle on society empowerment and allot local development challenges in their communities, 3) bestow ideas and initiatives towards government policy, youth is the representativ e of the consentaneous citizen can work together to find the best solution for fight against poverty and for sure build a unassailable relations between the state and society by collaborating with youth champions within government, 4) cosmos a social entrepreneur, it is a distinguish of entrepreneur who runs a business whose clams is going to be allocated to the poor, 5) getting involved in youth organizations for change, this is kind of organizations which is organism spread out around the globe, it helps young people develop their skills and awareness towards social and environmental issues and 6) advocacy, generally defined as an action for carrying out public interest, youth in advocacy can throw off important contribution in monitor service provision at dissimilar levels.

Importance of Marketing

An report of the importance of selling to your selected musical arrangements victor merchandising is a genuinely grand candidate in line of business since it contributes greatly to the victory of the organization. mathematical point of intersection and distribution depend by and large on trade. These both c erstwhilepts atomic number 18 different in many an(prenominal) aspects. Marketing covers advertising, promotions, cosmos relations, and gross gross revenue. It is the process of introducing and promoting the intersection or inspection and repair into the market place and encourages sales from the purchasing public.The goal of merchandise is to impinge on our product, mango cater widely know and recognized to the market, marketers must(prenominal)iness be fanciful in their trade activities. In this matched nature of many businesses, getting Mango motive noticed is not that easy. Strategically, Pepsico must be refer on the customers much than the M ango Power products. Although cracking and quality products argon also essential, the purchasing public still has their in-person preferences. We go out need to keister much(prenominal)(prenominal) of their needs, they result come back once again and again and sluice bring along recruits.If we shift more on the product and disregard their wants and the benefits they force out get, we pull up stakes lag our customers in no fourth dimension. The hardest plowshargon is getting them back. The all means to be do known is to air and kindle. Pepsico whitethorn be pass on the advertising and promotional programs but the important thing is that Mango Power and Pepsico information is disseminated to the buying public. Offline and online merchandising make it possible for the hatful to be educated with the several(a) products and go that they can go for advantage of.Pepsico must invest in marketing so as not to miss the prospect of being discovered. If cost is to be considered, there are cost- stiff marketing techniques Pepsico can embark on such as pay-per-click ads and blogging. Marketing helps boost sales and revenue growth. It will generate sales once the public learns active your Mango Power by TV advertisements, receiving set commercials, newspaper ads, online ads, and other forms of marketing. The more people collar and attend more of our advertisements, the more they will be interested to buy.Pepsico armorial bearings to increase the sales percentage and picture the production, the marketing department must be suitable to come up with effective and strategic marketing plans. Pepsico and Mango Power must have the might to conquer the general market, marketers aim to create a pit name quotation or product recall. This is a technique for the consumers to well associate the brand name with the images, logo, or render that they hear and see in the advertisements.For example, McDonalds is known for its repellent design which ma kes people and identifies the image as McDonalds. For whatever companies, building a reputation to the public may deliver time but there are those who easily attract the people. With an established name in the industry, a business continues to grow and expand because more and more customers will purchase the products or take advantage of the services from a reputable companionship. In conclusion, marketing plays a very essential utilization in the success of a family.It educates people on the latest market trends, helps boost a companys sales and profit, and develops company reputation. But marketers must be creative and wise enough to promote their products with the proper marketing tactics. Although marketing is important, if it is not conducted and researched well, the company might mediocre be wasting on expenses and time on a failed marketing approach. References Exforsys Inc. ,Published on 6th Nov 2009 sustain Updated on 4th Jan 2011 PEPSICO 2010 beat Annual heraldImp ortance of MarketingAn explanation of the importance of marketing to your selected organizations success Marketing is a very important aspect in business since it contributes greatly to the success of the organization. Production and distribution depend largely on marketing. These two concepts are different in many aspects. Marketing covers advertising, promotions, public relations, and sales. It is the process of introducing and promoting the product or service into the market and encourages sales from the buying public.The goal of marketing is to make our product, Mango Power widely known and recognized to the market, marketers must be creative in their marketing activities. In this competitive nature of many businesses, getting Mango Power noticed is not that easy. Strategically, Pepsico must be centered on the customers more than the Mango Power products. Although good and quality products are also essential, the buying public still has their personal preferences. We will need t o target more of their needs, they will come back again and again and even bring along recruits.If we push more on the product and disregard their wants and the benefits they can get, we will lose our customers in no time. The hardest part is getting them back. The only means to be made known is to advertise and promote. Pepsico may be spending on the advertising and promotional programs but the important thing is that Mango Power and Pepsico information is disseminated to the buying public. Offline and online marketing make it possible for the people to be educated with the various products and services that they can take advantage of.Pepsico must invest in marketing so as not to miss the opportunity of being discovered. If expense is to be considered, there are cost-effective marketing techniques Pepsico can embark on such as pay-per-click ads and blogging. Marketing helps boost sales and revenue growth. It will generate sales once the public learns about your Mango Power through TV advertisements, radio commercials, newspaper ads, online ads, and other forms of marketing. The more people hear and see more of our advertisements, the more they will be interested to buy.Pepsico aims to increase the sales percentage and double the production, the marketing department must be able to come up with effective and strategic marketing plans. Pepsico and Mango Power must have the ability to conquer the general market, marketers aim to create a brand name recognition or product recall. This is a technique for the consumers to easily associate the brand name with the images, logo, or caption that they hear and see in the advertisements.For example, McDonalds is known for its arch design which attracts people and identifies the image as McDonalds. For some companies, building a reputation to the public may take time but there are those who easily attract the people. With an established name in the industry, a business continues to grow and expand because more and more cu stomers will purchase the products or take advantage of the services from a reputable company. In conclusion, marketing plays a very essential role in the success of a company.It educates people on the latest market trends, helps boost a companys sales and profit, and develops company reputation. But marketers must be creative and wise enough to promote their products with the proper marketing tactics. Although marketing is important, if it is not conducted and researched well, the company might just be wasting on expenses and time on a failed marketing approach. References Exforsys Inc. ,Published on 6th Nov 2009 Last Updated on 4th Jan 2011 PEPSICO 2010 Full Annual Report